What factors are related to the service life of self-aligning roller bearings?
Release time:
2025-06-10
What factors are related to the service life of self-aligning roller bearings?
The service life of self-aligning roller bearings is influenced by a variety of factors, including both the design and manufacturing parameters of the bearings themselves and external conditions such as the usage environment, installation, and maintenance. The following are the key influencing factors and detailed explanations:
I. Factors related to the design and manufacturing of the bearings themselves
Material quality
Steel purity: The smelting quality of bearing steel (such as GCr15) directly affects the service life. Impurities (such as oxides and sulfides) can cause stress concentration and fatigue spalling.
Heat treatment process: Improper control of quenching hardness (generally HRC60-65), uniformity, and residual stress may lead to early wear or fracture.
Application of special materials: Bearings made of special materials such as stainless steel (corrosion-resistant) and ceramics (high-temperature resistant and low-friction) have their service life limited by the material properties.
Structural design parameters
Contact geometry between rollers and raceways: The contact angle and curvature radius design affect the load distribution. Unreasonable parameters can lead to excessive local stress.
Clearance size: Excessive clearance can cause increased vibration and noise, while insufficient clearance can lead to heating and wear, both of which shorten the service life.
Cage design: The strength, wear resistance, and fit clearance between the cage and rollers affect the stability of bearing operation and its ability to withstand shock.
II. Load conditions
Load type and magnitude
Radial load dominant: Self-aligning roller bearings are good at bearing radial loads. Axial loads exceeding the rated value can cause severe friction between the rollers and the flanges.
Impact load: Periodic impact or overload (such as during start-up or braking) can cause surface plastic deformation or fatigue cracks.
Load distribution uniformity: Deformation of the shaft or bearing housing leading to load misalignment can accelerate local wear.
Rotational speed and centrifugal force
At high speeds, the centrifugal force increases the contact stress between the rollers and raceways, and simultaneously intensifies the risk of lubrication failure due to heating.
Exceeding the design limit speed may cause vibration instability or cage fracture.
III. Installation and fit accuracy
Installation method
Violent hammering or improper press-fitting can cause deformation of the rings and damage to the rollers, especially thin-walled bearings are prone to ellipticity deviation.
Improper temperature control during hot installation (such as oil bath heating) (generally not exceeding 120°C) may cause tempering softening of the material.
Fit interference
Excessive interference fit increases the stress on the rings, while too loose a fit leads to "creep" (relative sliding between the rings and the shaft/housing), causing wear and metal debris.
The fit tolerance needs to be designed comprehensively based on the load, rotational speed, and coefficient of thermal expansion (such as ISO tolerance standards).
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